Understanding and Preventing Glaucoma: A Guide for Healthy Eyes

Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that can lead to blindness if left untreated. It is often called the "silent thief of sight" because it typically has no symptoms in its early stages. In recognition of Glaucoma Awareness Month this January, we would like to shed light on this sight-stealing condition and empower you to take proactive steps towards preserving your vision.

According to the Canadian Ophthalmological Society, glaucoma affects approximately 400,000 Canadians, and this number is expected to rise to 554,200 by 2035. While anyone can develop glaucoma, certain factors increase the risk, including:

Age over 60
Family history of glaucoma
African, Hispanic, or Asian heritage
High eye pressure
Thin corneas
Nearsightedness or farsightedness
Eye injury or surgery
Diabetes
Use of corticosteroids

Glaucoma causes damage to the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain. The most common type, primary open-angle glaucoma, often has no noticeable symptoms until significant peripheral vision loss has occurred.

Symptoms of Glaucoma can Include:

Loss of peripheral vision
Seeing halos around lights
Eye pain
Redness in the eye
Nausea or vomiting

Diagnosing Glaucoma:

Early detection is crucial in managing glaucoma effectively. A comprehensive eye exam typically includes the following tests:

Tonometry: Measures the pressure inside the eye.
Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the optic nerve for damage.
Perimetry: Tests your peripheral vision.
Gonioscopy: Determines the drainage angle in your eye.
OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography): Imaging the optic nerve for changes.

Treatment Options for Glaucoma:

While there is no cure for glaucoma, its progression can be slowed, and vision loss can be minimized with various treatment options. These include:

Eye drops: Reduce eye pressure.
Oral medications: Lower eye pressure.
Laser treatment: Improves fluid drainage from the eye.
Surgery: Creates a new drainage channel for the fluid.

Preventive Measures:

Although glaucoma cannot always be prevented, you can take steps to reduce your risk and protect your vision:

Regular eye exams: Schedule comprehensive eye exams every 1-2 years, or more frequently if you have risk factors.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and control blood pressure and diabetes.
Protect your eyes: Wear protective eyewear during sports or activities that could cause eye injury.
Be aware of your family history: Inform your optometrist if you have a family history of glaucoma.

If you have any concerns about glaucoma or your eye health, please don't hesitate to contact us. Our team is here to provide personalized advice and care to help you maintain healthy vision for years to come.