Myopia, Hyperopia & Astigmatism

Do you experience blurred or distorted vision at certain distances? If so, you may have a refractive error. Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina, leading to visual problems. The most common types of refractive errors are myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. In this article, we'll explore these conditions and their symptoms in more detail.

Myopia (Nearsightedness)

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a condition where distant objects appear blurry, but close objects are clear. This occurs because the eyeball is too long, or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. Myopia affects approximately 30% of the population and typically develops in childhood or adolescence. It is a common condition that can be easily corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery.

Hyperopia (Farsightedness)

Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is a condition where close objects appear blurry, but distant objects are clear. This occurs because the eyeball is too short, or the cornea is too flat, causing light to focus behind the retina instead of directly on it. Hyperopia affects approximately 5-10% of the population and can be present from birth or develop later in life. Unlike myopia, many people with hyperopia may not experience noticeable symptoms because the lens of the eye can adjust its shape to focus on objects at different distances. However, some people with hyperopia may experience eyestrain, headaches, and blurred vision when looking at close objects for an extended period.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a condition where the cornea or lens is not perfectly spherical but instead has a more oblong or oval shape. This causes light to be focused at multiple points instead of a single point, resulting in blurry or distorted vision at all distances. Astigmatism can be present from birth or develop later in life and affects approximately 30% of the population. People with astigmatism may experience symptoms such as blurry vision, eyestrain, headaches, or difficulty seeing at night. Fortunately, astigmatism can be easily corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery.

Treatment Options

If you experience any of the symptoms associated with myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism, it is important to see an eye doctor for a comprehensive eye exam. A comprehensive eye exam can detect refractive errors and other eye conditions that may be affecting your vision. Based on your individual needs and preferences, your eye doctor may recommend corrective lenses, such as eyeglasses or contact lenses, or refractive surgery, such as LASIK or PRK.

Conclusion

Refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism are common conditions that can affect anyone. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, these conditions can be easily corrected, allowing you to enjoy clear and comfortable vision. If you're experiencing any visual problems, schedule an appointment with your eye doctor today to determine if you have a refractive error and discuss your treatment options.